A hawk or inflation? A "hawk" is an economist or policymaker who believes interest rates should be kept high in order to prevent inflation. Since high-interest rates affect fiscal policy, they are particularly concerned about them. Hawks are not concerned with economic growth, but they do support an economy that operates below its full-employment equilibrium. Accordingly, high-interest rates are seen as a mechanism to contain inflation by Hawks.

In financial markets, "hawkish" refers to a policy stance or sentiment characterized by a proactive approach towards controlling inflation. Central banks or policymakers with a hawkish stance prioritize measures aimed at curbing inflationary pressures, often through tightening monetary policy. This can involve raising interest rates, reducing monetary stimulus, or implementing other measures to cool down an overheating economy. Hawkish sentiments typically arise when policymakers perceive a growing risk of inflation surpassing their target levels or when economic indicators signal overheating. While a hawkish stance is aimed at maintaining price stability and sustainable economic growth over the long term, it can also dampen economic activity and pose challenges for borrowers. Investors closely monitor central bank statements and policymakers' rhetoric for indications of a hawkish or dovish stance to anticipate future monetary policy decisions and their potential impact on financial markets.