The activity of a state or company to obtain additional financial resources through the issuance of securities with their subsequent deposit on the primary stock market. Thus, the objective of this policy is to find and attract external sources of financing.

Emission policies related to stocks refer to regulations and corporate practices aimed at reducing the carbon footprint of publicly traded companies. Governments and financial regulators increasingly require firms to disclose greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, aligning with climate goals such as the Paris Agreement. Stock exchanges may impose sustainability reporting standards, while investors use ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria to assess climate risks. Companies with high emissions may face carbon taxes, stricter caps, or exclusion from green investment funds, impacting their stock performance. Conversely, businesses adopting clean energy and emission-reduction strategies often attract eco-conscious investors, enhancing market value. These policies encourage transparency, incentivise sustainable practices, and steer capital toward low-carbon industries, shaping stock market trends in favour of environmentally responsible investments.