A budget loan is a loan granted by the government to any company for the purpose of developing its activities or restructuring. Using budget loans, companies can establish their own operations, repay the loans, and pay taxes in the future. Budget loans are issued for not more than six months.

Budget loans now play an intermediate role between loans to commercial banking organizations and budget appropriations. In one sense, such loans are issued with a demand for repayment, and most often, they are repaid (this is how they differ from budget financing), and in another sense, there is either a fee or the interest rate is significantly lower than on the market. Since budget loans are usually issued for specific purposes, in the economic classification there is a category of costs called the provision of loans minus the repayment.

A government loan refers to financial assistance provided by a government entity to individuals, businesses, or organizations for various purposes. These loans can support sectors like agriculture, education, housing, and small businesses. Government loans often come with favorable terms such as lower interest rates, longer repayment periods, or flexible eligibility criteria compared to loans from private lenders. They aim to stimulate economic growth, promote specific industries, or assist those in need. Governments typically offer these loans through agencies or programs designed to address specific socioeconomic objectives, fostering development, stability, and financial inclusion within the country.