Stock buybacks, also known as share repurchases, occur when a company buys back its own shares from the open market. This practice reduces the number of outstanding shares, effectively increasing the ownership stake of the remaining shareholders. Companies engage in buybacks for several reasons, such as to use excess cash, return value to shareholders, or signal confidence in the company's future prospects.

One immediate effect of a buyback is the potential increase in the stock price. As the number of shares in circulation decreases, the earnings per share (EPS) typically increase, assuming the company's net income remains constant. This can make the stock more attractive to investors, driving up its price. Additionally, buybacks can signal to the market that the company believes its stock is undervalued, which may further boost investor confidence and lead to a higher stock price.

However, stock buybacks can also have drawbacks. Critics argue that companies might prioritize buybacks over investing in long-term growth, such as research and development or expanding operations. Moreover, if done excessively or at high stock prices, buybacks can be seen as a misuse of capital, potentially leading to reduced financial flexibility in challenging times.