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What's the impact of a hard fork?
Hard forks can have both positive and negative effects on a cryptocurrency network, depending on how they are implemented.

Let's take a look at a few examples.
Airdrops - Users who participate in hard forks to create a divergent version of a cryptocurrency receive crypto airdrops of their exact holdings in the new cryptocurrency. For example, during the Bitcoin Cash (BCH) hard fork, all Bitcoin (BTC) holders received an equivalent of their BCH holdings on the new chain.
Improved network - Cryptocurrency protocols that were hard forked to add features see network improvements. Some protocols see an increase in speed, while others may begin to add entirely new functionalities.
Network disruption - Hard forks have the potential to disrupt the operation of a cryptocurrency network. In such circumstances, bad actors can take advantage of the situation to defraud users. When a fork is not handled properly, cryptocurrency networks are vulnerable to security threats such as replay and 51% attacks.

Furthermore, hard forks in which new currencies are formed may favor one blockchain over the other, causing the price of one to rise at the expense of the other.
A hard fork in blockchain technology refers to a significant change in a cryptocurrency's protocol that makes previously valid blocks or transactions invalid, or vice versa. It creates a permanent divergence in the blockchain, leading to two separate networks.

The impact of a hard fork can be profound. It can result in the creation of a new cryptocurrency (e.g., Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash), offering users and developers different features or philosophies. For investors, it may create uncertainty, leading to price volatility. Miners and developers must decide which chain to support, potentially splitting the community.

Hard forks also raise security concerns, like replay attacks, and may impact adoption or integration by wallets and exchanges, influencing the broader ecosystem.

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