A full node and a light node are two types of participants in a blockchain network, but they differ in how they store and verify blockchain data. Both help users interact with cryptocurrencies, although their responsibilities and resource requirements are different.

A full node downloads and maintains a complete copy of the blockchain's transaction history or, in the case of a pruned node, the data needed to independently validate the chain without retaining every historical block. It independently checks transactions and blocks according to the network's consensus rules. Full nodes help maintain blockchain security, decentralisation, and transparency by ensuring that invalid transactions are rejected. However, operating a full node requires more storage space, processing power, and internet bandwidth.

A light node, also known as a lightweight node, requires fewer resources because it does not download the entire blockchain. Instead, it stores essential information, such as block headers, and requests additional data from full nodes when needed. This allows users to access cryptocurrency networks through devices with limited storage and processing capacity, including smartphones and laptops. Light nodes are convenient, but they generally rely on full nodes to provide blockchain data and may offer less independent verification, depending on the protocol.

The main difference is that full nodes independently verify blockchain activity using the necessary chain data, while light nodes depend on other network participants for much of that information. Full nodes are generally preferred by users who prioritise independent verification and greater control, whereas light nodes are suitable for everyday users who want convenient access with fewer technical requirements. Both contribute to making cryptocurrency networks accessible and functional.