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What is cryptography?
Cryptography is a science that studies methods for ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Cryptography is a branch of study that includes computer science, physics, mathematics, electrical engineering, and others. The cryptocurrency industry relies heavily on blockchain cryptography. Different approaches to blockchain cryptography — and ways of maintaining it — allow the industry to become more diverse and use products of these approaches in different circumstances. Although the Bitcoin cryptographic approach is the most widely used in the cryptocurrency industry, it is constantly evolving and incorporating new technologies. "Understanding Bitcoin; cryptography, engineering, and economics" by Pedro Franco is one of the most popular books for learning about Bitcoin and provides a broad perspective on the technology's implementation.
Cryptography is the science and practice of securing communication and data through the use of mathematical techniques and algorithms. Its primary goal is to protect information from unauthorized access or modification, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. In the digital age, cryptography plays a crucial role in safeguarding sensitive data transmitted over networks and stored in various devices.

Cryptography involves the use of cryptographic algorithms, keys, and protocols to encode plaintext information into ciphertext, making it unreadable without the appropriate decryption key. There are two main types of cryptography: symmetric key cryptography, where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption, and asymmetric key cryptography, which utilizes a pair of public and private keys.

Cryptography finds applications in various domains, including secure communication over the internet, data encryption for privacy, digital signatures for authentication, and the creation of secure protocols for online transactions. As technology advances, cryptography continues to evolve to address emerging threats and ensure the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive information.

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