Clearly, the fee issue is extremely complex and subject to considerable controversy. In truth, blockchain Cash was invented in order to deal with the size of the blockchain, which limits the number of transactions each block can handle. Consequently, a lengthy queue of pending transactions resulted in astronomically high transaction costs. As a peer-to-peer payment system, one of the aims of blockchain was to ensure low costs, but as usual, there are other factors to consider. In order for blockchain to grow in popularity, more and more people will use it, and the network will have to develop new methods to meet the demand.

When using or developing on a blockchain, several key costs must be considered. Transaction fees (gas fees) are the most common, paid to validators or miners for processing and securing transactions. These fees vary by network congestion and blockchain type. Deployment costs apply when launching smart contracts or decentralised applications. Storage costs also matter, as data on-chain can be expensive, especially for high-volume applications.

Developers may incur infrastructure costs, such as running nodes or using third-party APIs and blockchain-as-a-service (BaaS) platforms. Security auditing is another critical expense, especially for DeFi and token projects. Additionally, there are regulatory compliance and maintenance costs to keep systems updated and legally aligned. Proper budgeting ensures smooth, scalable blockchain project execution.